Genetic diversity in the parental lines and heterosis of the tropical rice hybrids

Genetic diversity within and between the maintainer (B) and restorer (R) lines used in hybrid breeding programs of the Philippine was investigated with information from analysis of pedigree record, quantitative traits and SSR assays. Mean coefficients of coancestry were calculated as 0.11 within R lines, 0.27 within B lines, and 0.04 between R and B lines, indicating greater diversity among R lines than among B lines, and the significant divergence between B and R lines. These results are consistent with those obtained from quantitative trait analysis and SSR marker assays. Relative gene diversity for 37 random SSR markers averaged 0.20 within B lines,0.28 within R lines, and 0.52 between two groups of lines. There were no consistent associations among various genetic diversity measures. Random sets of SSR marker and pedigree based diversity measures had no significant correlation with mid-parent heterosis for grain yield and biomass, indicating that prediction of heterosis for complex traits based on these two genetic diversity estimates is difficult. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

一种快速提取盐桦叶片总RNA的方法建立

从植物组织中提取高质量的RNA是进行植物分子生物学研究的必要前提和关键。盐桦细胞中存在大量的胶质和多糖类物质，用Trizol试剂根本不能获得RNA。本研究采用CTAB-LiCl法，提出了一种适合盐桦叶片总RNA的简单快速提取方法。消除了蛋白质、DNA、多糖、多酚等污染。该方法提取的盐桦叶片总RNA，完整性好、纯度高，可用于RT-PCR等实验操作，此法无需特殊试剂和贵重仪器，实验结果稳定，重复性好，适合富含多糖和脂质的植物组织总RNA的提取。     

Leaf yield component combining abilities in mulberry (Morus spp.)

A line × tester analysis was carried out in mulberry (Morus spp.) to determine the genetic interaction in the expression of various quantitative characters including leaf yield. Eight clonal varieties were selected, 3 of them were designated as lines (♀) viz. Berhampore-1, China white and MS-5 and 5 of them were called as testers (♂) viz. Mandalaya, Kosen, Assamjati, MS-1 and Kajli. Combining ability studies were conducted on these parents along with their F₁ hybrids for the variables laminar index, growth rate, weight of 100 dry leaves, number of primary branches per plant, plant height, nodal distance, leaf-twig ratio, aerial biomass, moisture content, moisture retention capacity and leaf yield. Broad genetic variability was observed among the genotypes. The ratio of General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) indicated the predominance of non-additive genes in mulberry. While China white (female) and MS-1 (male) were the best general combiners among the parents, Berhampore-1 × Kajli was the best cross for leaf yield. Results suggest that selective crossing followed by proper screening may be the best approach for breeding of high yielding varieties in mulberry. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

棉花产量育种的数量性状分析

产量是棉花育种的主要目标之一，为提高棉花产量育种效率，本文从产量结构模式、产量与其构成因素的相关关系两方面，分析了与棉花产量育种有关的数量性状，并讨论了提高棉花产量遗传潜力的可能性     

Residual effects of the Xa-4 resistance gene in three rice cultivars when exposed to a virulent isolate of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae

Summary F₂ plants of five, and F₃ plants of three, crosses between genotypes carrying the race-specific resistance gene Xa-4 and genotypes not carrying this gene were inoculated with two isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. Half the tillers of each plant received isolate PX061, avirulent on the Xa-4 gene, the other half of the tillers received isolate PX099, virulent for the Xa-4 gene. The F₂ and F₃ populations segregated for a single dominant resistance gene, Xa-4.The parental, F₂ and F₃ genotypes not carrying Xa-4 had mean lesion lengths between 28 and 29 cm for both isolates. The Xa-4 carrying parents showed a mean lesion length of 2.7 cm with the avirulent isolate and of 12.4 cm with the virulent isolate. The Xa-4 carrying F₂ and F₃ genotypes had mean lesion lengths of 5.2 and 20.1 cm for the two isolates, respectively. These observations strongly indicate that the Xa-4 gene, carried by the rice genotypes studied (IR28, Cisadane and BR51-282-8), had a considerable residual effect when exposed to virulent isolate PXO99.     

大豆吡哆醇生物合成蛋白基因(PDX)的电子克隆和进化分析

电子克隆(In silicocloning)是随着基因组计划和EST计划实施而发展起来的利用生物信息学手段进行基因克隆的新方法。根据物种间同源基因相对保守的特点,以拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)吡哆醇生物合成蛋白cDNA序列为信息探针,对大豆(Glycine max)EST数据库进行同源搜索和序列拼接,获得了1 280 bp长的大豆吡哆醇生物合成蛋白的基因序列(GenBank登陆号为DQ139265)。经过RT-PCR扩增、基因组PCR扩增、分子克隆和序列分析验证,结果表明与电子克隆序列完全一致。该基因具有完整的开放阅读框架(ORF,20~955 bp),编码311个氨基酸。通过与水稻、日本百脉根、烟草、截形苜蓿等物种的吡哆醇生物合成蛋白序列比对,发现该基因具有高度的保守性。表明根据物种间同源基因序列,对跨物种间EST数据库进行同源检索、筛选、拼接,是克隆基因的有效途径。     

辽西地区引种野杏数量性状研究

以辽西地区26个野杏无性系为试材,采用变异性分析、方差分析以及主成分分析等方法,研究了其25个数量性状的变异特点,以期为野杏无性系的遗传多样性研究和良种选育提供重要参考依据。结果表明:19个数量性状呈正态分布;25个野杏无性系数量性状变异系数均值23%,其中22个数量性状的变异系数在10%以上,小枝长度变异系数最大,达64%,单果质量、单核质量、单仁质量的变异系数分别为24%、21%和18%,表明野杏无性系数量性状变异程度丰富,选择潜力较大。野杏无性系果实性状重复力普遍偏高,核仁主要性状重复力次之,树体主要数量性状重复力较二者偏低,均达到极显著水平;果核仁性状的重复力除单果质量、单核质量和仁厚分别为0.634、0.756和0.624外,其它指标皆在0.909以上,其中仁长重复力最高,达0.973。主成分分析结果表明,前6个主成分累积贡献率达83.50%,能够反映野杏无性系数量性状的大部分信息;其中第1主成分主要反映野杏果核仁等经济性状。     

家蚕耐氟近等基因系SSH文库的构建及部分差异表达基因的分析

为了获取与家蚕耐氟性状相关的基因信息,利用家蚕耐氟品种T6和氟化物敏感品种733新建立耐氟近等基因系,以回交11代的家蚕耐氟近等基因系群体中的耐氟个体和敏感个体的中肠为材料,构建家蚕耐氟近等基因系抑制消减杂交(SSH)cDNA文库。通过对抑制消减杂交cDNA文库中随机挑选的153个阳性克隆测序和聚类拼接,得到19个重叠群(con-tig)、47个已知功能基因(un igene)和28个未知功能基因。获得的表达序列标签(EST)经BLASTx比对和同源性分析,初步发现这些基因参与家蚕体内物质转运、能量代谢、基因转录、蛋白质合成与降解、蛋白质加工、信号转导、机体免疫防御、细胞结构形成等诸多生物学过程。采用实时定量RT-PCR方法,对部分基因在家蚕耐氟近等基因系群体中的耐氟个体和敏感个体的不同组织的表达进行定量分析,发现磷酸根离子转运蛋白基因、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)合成酶基因、液胞型H+-ATP酶基因、脂肪酶基因以及主要过敏原蛋白基因在耐氟个体的中肠、马氏管、脂肪体组织中的表达量有较明显上调。     

玻璃化冷冻对绵羊卵母细胞中母源基因mRNA表达量的影响

为详细了解玻璃化冷冻对绵羊卵母细胞中母源基因mRNA表达量的影响,分别玻璃化冷冻GV期和IVM 期(18、24 h)绵羊卵母细胞,解冻后进行体外培养.GV期和IVM期卵母细胞经过冷冻-解冻后,卵裂率(10.37％、23.17％、33.07％)均极显著低于对照组(82.96％,P＜0.01),且冷冻-解冻后的GV期卵母细胞卵裂率极显著低于冷冻-解冻后的IVM期卵母细胞(P＜0.01).本试验利用荧光实时定量PCR技术检测4种母源基因:Gdf9(生长分化因子-9)、Zar1(合子阻泄因子)、Mater(胚胎必要的母体抗原)、Dnmt1(DNA甲基化转移酶1)在不同处理后的绵羊卵母细胞中的mRNA含量.结果表明,4个基因的mRNA在GV期的表达量均高于IVM期的卵母细胞(P＜0.01);经玻璃化冷冻处理后,4个基因的mRNA表达量升高,其中GV期含量最高(P＜0.01).结果提示,绵羊GV或IVM期卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻导致母源基因mRNA表达量升高,可能会对胚胎发育产生负面影响.     

中国美利奴羊PROP1和PRLR基因的表达分析

本研究旨在探讨PROP1和PRLR基因在绵羊不同组织中的表达差异及其发育变化规律。利用荧光实时定量PCR技术分析了PROP1和PRLR基因在中国美利奴成年母羊13种组织中的表达谱信息,并检测了垂体组织中PROP1基因和垂体、卵巢、睾丸和皮肤组织中PRLR基因在0、7、14、30、60和90日龄时表达水平的发育变化。结果表明:PROP1基因仅在绵羊垂体组织中表达;而PRLR基因在绵羊各种组织中广泛表达,且在子宫和下丘脑组织中的表达量高于其它组织(P<0.01)。垂体组织中的PROP1基因表达量较低,在7日龄高于30(P<0.01)、14和60日龄(P<0.05)。垂体组织中PRLR基因表达量在30日龄时最高,之后急剧下降,各日龄间无差异(P>0.05);在卵巢组织中从7日龄起呈先下降后上升的趋势,90日龄高于0(P<0.01)、14和30日龄(P<0.05);在睾丸组织中总体呈上升趋势;在皮肤组织中呈现为生长前期高于后期的趋势(P<0.01)。绵羊PROP1和PRLR基因表达存在明显的组织表达差异和发育变化差异;PROP1和PRLR基因的表达可能对绵羊繁殖等性状的发育有一定的调节作用。